Please refer to Class 12 Political Science Sample Paper with solutions provided below. All sample papers for Political Science Class 12 have been designed as per the latest paper pattern issued by CBSE for the current academic year. Students should practice these guess papers for Class 12 Political Science as it will help them to gain more understanding of the type of questions that are expected to be asked in upcoming Class 12 Political Science exams. Please click on the links below to access free CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science.
Class 12 Political Science Sample Paper Term 2 With Solutions Set A
SECTION A
1. How far is it correct to say that powers of states have actually increased due to globalisation?
Answer” To some extent globalisation increases the activities of state to help in development of economy as well as state capacity has received a boost also with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of state to collect information about its citizens.
OR
What are two thrust areas of globalisation?
Answer” Globalisation has two thrust areas:
(i) Liberalisation provides freedom of trade and investment, eliminate restrictions imposed on external trade and payments and expand technological progress to globalise faster.
(ii) Privatisation permits MNCs to produce goods and services inside the country to attract FDI.
2. Give the objectives of ASEAN Economic Community.
Answer” The objectives of ASEAN Economic Community are as follows:
(i) To create common market and production based activities within ASEAN states.
(ii) To aid social and economic development.
3. What was the reason for the formation of SAARC? Mention its one objective.
Answer” The states of South Asia recognised cooperation and friendly relations among themselves which gave birth to the formation of SAARC for mutual trust and understanding among its member states.
Objective– To provide a programme for regional development.
4. When was BRICS founded? Mention its key objectives.
Answer” BRIC was founded in 2006 in Russia. BRIC turned into BRICS after the inclusion of South Africa in its first meeting in the year 2009.
5. What does SAFTA stand for? Mention its one feature.
Answer” SAFTA stands for South Asian Free Trade Area Agreement:
Feature: To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.
6. When and why did a long phase of coalition politics begin in India?
Answer” The era of coalitions could be seen after 1989 elections onwards. The Congress was the largest party but did not achieve a single majority, hence it decided to act as opposition party. This led to National Front (Alliance of Janata Dal and other regional parties). It received major support from BJP and left front. BJP and left front did not join the government but gave support from outside. The coalition era had many PMs and some of them held office for short duration.
7. Which major factor was responsible for the dramatic victory of Indira Gandhi in 1971 elections?
Answer” Although the Congress’s position was very weak in the electoral contest of 1971, it had something that its big opponents lacked—it had an issue, an agenda and a positive slogan: Garibi Hatao in contrast to opposition’s Indira Hatao. This proved to be a major factor responsible for the dramatic victory of Indira Gandhi.
8. Why did Congress win in Southern states in 1977 elections?
Answer” (i) The impact of Emergency was not felt equally in all the states.
(ii) The forced relocation and displacements, the forced sterilisations were mostly concentrated in the northern states.
SECTION B
9. Name the founding members of ASEAN. How do ASEAN members commit to uphold peace and neutrality?
Answer” Founding members of ASEAN– Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
ASEAN members commit to uphold peace and neutrality–
(i) ASEAN security community is based on the conviction that territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontation.
(ii) By 2003, ASEAN had several agreements among members states to uphold peace, neutrality, cooperation, non-interference, respect for national differences and sovereign rights.
(iii) ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994 to coordinate security and foreign policy.
10. “Military rule and democracy are the two sides of a coin in Pakistan”. Examine the statement.
Answer” Military rule and democracy co-exist or are the two sides of a coin can be examined with the following facts:
(i) After the implementation of first constitution in Pakistan, General Ayub Khan took the command, but was overthrown by military general Yahya Khan due to dissatisfaction of rule.
(ii) Again in 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed an elected government which was later removed by General Ziaul- Haq in 1977.
(iii) 1982 onwards, pro-democracy movements took place resulting an elected democratic government in 1988 under leadership of Benazir Bhutto, replaced by Nawaz Sharif.
(iv) Nawaz Sharif was again removed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999 and in 2005, he got himself elected as president but was later dethroned by the court.
11. In the given outline map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per format that follows:
(i) The state where Babri Masjid located.
(ii) The state where Congress lost elections in 1977 elections.
(iii) The state related to Charu Majumdar.
(iv) The state where Jagjivan Ram was born.
| Sr. No. of the information used | Corcerned Alphabet in the Map | Name of the State |
| (i) | ||
| (ii) | ||
| (iii) | ||
| (iv) |
Answer:
| Sr. No. of the information used | Corcerned Alphabet in the Map | Name of the State |
(i) | D | Uttar Pradesh |
| (ii) | B | Madhya Pradesh |
| (iii) | C | West Benga |
| (iv) | A | Bihar |
SECTION C
12. Explain the major events that affected the relations between India and China.
Answer” Major events affecting the relations between India and China–
(i) Attack of China in 1962.
(ii) Claim by China on the territories of Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin leading to a military conflict over border.
(iii) Chinese takeover of Tibet and India’s support to Dalai Lama.
(iv) Visits of dignitaries led to improve-ment of relations.
(v) Improved economic ties and better trade relations due to signing of treaties.
(vi) China’s support to Pakistan’s nuclear programme and other economic investments in Pakistan are viewed as hostile to Indian Interest.
(vii) China’s military relations with Bangladesh and Myanmar act as a deterrent.
OR
Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation?
Answer” The impact of changing role of state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation can be summed up as follows:
(i) Globalisation reduces the state capacity i.e. the ability of governments to do what they do.
(ii) Market becomes the prime concern to set down economic and social priorities.
(iii) Multinational companies effect on the decisions taken by government because their own interest fulfillment also depends on government policies.
(iv) The old welfare state is now giving way to more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as maintenance of law and order and the security.
(v) State also withdraws from many of its welfare functions taken place at the level of economic and social wellbeing.
(vi) To some extent developing countries have received a boost as a result of globalisation and became more strong and powerful clue to emergence of new technology.
13. Analyse some major factors which led the popularity of Indira Gandhi’s Government in the early 1970s.
Answer” (i) The fifth general elections to Lok Sabha were held in February 1971. The electoral contest appeared to be loaded against Congress (R). After all, the new Congress was just one faction of an already weak party. Everyone believed that the real organizational strength of the Congress Party was under the command of Congress
(O). To make matters worse for Indira Gandhi, all the major non-Communist, non-Congress opposition parties formed an electoral alliance known as the Grand Alliance. Yet the new Congress had something that its big opponents lacked — it had an issue, an agenda and a positive slogan. The Grand Alliance did not have a coherent political programme. Indira Gandhi said that the opposition alliance had only one common programme Indira Hatao (Remove Indira). In contrast to this, she put forward a positive programme captured in the famous slogan: Garibi Hatao (remove poverty).
(ii) Indira Gandhi focussed on the growth of the public sector, imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban poverty, removal of disparities in income and opportunity, and abolition of princely privileges. Thus, the slogan Garibi Hatao and the programmes that followed it were part of Indira Gandhi’s political strategy of building an Independent nationwide political support base. As a result, she won 352 seats with about 44 per cent of the popular votes on its own in the Lok Sabha elections of 1971.
(iii) Soon after the 1971 Lok Sabha election, a major political and military crises broke out in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The 1971 elections were followed by the crisis in East Pakistan and the Indo-Pak war leading to the establishment of Bangladesh. These events added to the popularity of Indira Gandhi. Even the opposition leaders admired her statesmanship.
OR
The 1977 elections for the first time saw the opposition coming into power at the centre. What would you consider as the reasons for this development?
Answer” The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as the Congress Party was defeated for the very first time and opposition party came into power:
(i) The opposition adopted the slogan ‘Save democracy’ against imposition of Emergency earlier.
(ii) The opposition campaigned non-democratic character of rule which provided various excesses.
(iii) The opposition party highlighted the preventive detention and press censorship to favour public opinion. The Janata Party also ensured not to divide non-Congress votes.
(iv) Middle section of north India was moving away from Congress for whom Janata Party became a platform.
(v) Hence, elections of 1977 emerged many other factors instead about Emergency only.
